Alternating Current (AC) is a type of electric current in which the flow of electrons periodically changes direction. Unlike Direct Current (DC), which flows in only one direction, AC oscillates, typically in a sine wave form.
This characteristic allows for the efficient transport of electricity over long distances with low losses, making it the standard for domestic, industrial, and public electrical grids in most countries. In Europe, the standard AC frequency is 50 Hz.
AC is used to power most household appliances, lighting systems, industrial equipment, and AC EV charging infrastructure. It can be easily converted to different voltages using transformers, enhancing its versatility.